Child car seats
Child car seats are the best way to keep your kids safe in the car. Research has shown that rear-facing seats improve the safety of babies and infants by up to 90%, compared to not using a child restraint at all. Older children in forward-facing seats were 80% safer than those not using a child restraint. i For these reasons, child car seats are mandatory for all children in the UK. Industry standards are being strengthened all the time, as more research improves our knowledge of car safety.
Types of child car seats
Child car seats are divided in four groups, 0—3, each
corresponding to four broad types according to the weight of the
child—rearward-facing, forward-facing, booster seats, and booster cushions. All
are manufactured in line with the United Nations standard, ECE Regulation 44.04
( or R 44.03) and the newer i-Size regulation, R129. Look for the 'E' mark
label on the seat. The i-size seats are designed to keep children
rearward-facing until they are at least 15 months old.
It is important to make sure you have the right car seat which is suitable for your child's weight and size and is correctly fitted according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Child car seat groups
|
Type of Child Restraint |
Regulation |
Weight Range |
Approx. Age Range |
|
Rearward-facing baby seat |
R44 |
Group 0 |
Birth to 6-9 months |
|
R44 |
Group 0+ |
Birth to 12-15 months |
|
|
R129 (i-size) |
i-size (based on height rather than weight) Phase 1 Birth to 105cm |
Up to at least 15 months Some seats birth to 4 years |
|
|
Combination seat (Rearward and Forward-facing) |
R44 |
Group 0+ and 1 |
Birth - 4 years |
|
R44 |
Group 0+, 1 & 2 |
Birth to 6 years |
|
|
Forward-facing car seat |
R44 |
Group 1 |
9 months - 4 years |
|
R44 |
Group 1, 2 and 3 |
9 months to 11 years |
|
|
R129 (i-size) |
Phase 2 |
4 years - 11 years |
|
|
High-backed Booster Seat |
Group 2 |
4 to 6 years |
|
|
High-backed Booster Seat |
Group 2 and 3 |
4 to 11 years |
|
|
Booster Cushion (From 9th February 2017) |
Group 3 Group2/3 |
6 - 11 years |
Rearward-facing baby seats
Rearward-facing baby seats have clear advantages in the event of a crash. The most harmful crashes are head-on collisions. On average, these accidents involve the highest speeds and result in the greatest damage.
Rearward-facing baby seats provide more protection for your baby’s head, neck, and spine, than forward-facing seats. They feature energy-absorbing interiors and integral three or five point harnesses to hold babies firmly and comfortably. Make sure you take the time to fit your baby’s harness properly:
- The top of the harness should be about 2 cm below your baby’s shoulder.
- Tighten the harness until you can only fit one or two fingers between your baby’s chest and the harness.
- The buckle should not rest over the child’s tummy.
- Check the harness on each journey.
Rearward-facing seats are safer to use on the back seats of the car. Do not use them in the front passenger seat with an active passenger airbag.
For more information read the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents’ guide to rearward-facing child car seats
Forward-facing seats
Forward-facing child seats are used from about 9 months of age, or when the baby is around 9 kg. They feature integral five or three point harnesses or impact shields. Take time to strap your child in and adjust the harness.
- The top of the harness should be about 2 cm below your baby’s shoulder.
- Tighten the harness until you can only fit one or two fingers between your baby’s chest and the harness.
- The buckle should not rest over the child’s tummy.
- Check the harness on each journey.
Many seats have an adjustable back to accommodate different heights. It allows adjustments to the harness without unthreading it from the seat. Some seats have an impact shield or cushion, held in place by the car's three-point seat belt.
Never place a forward-facing child seat in a front passenger seat with an active airbag. Wait until your child has outgrown their seat—they are too tall or too heavy—before moving onto a booster seat.
For more information read the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents’ guide to forward-facing child car seats.
Booster seats
Use a group 2 or group 2/3 high-backed booster seat when you child has outgrown their group 1 forward-facing seat. They are much less likely to be injured in a crash than children wearing seat belts alone. They are simple to install. In general, the car's seat belt pass over both the child high-backed booster seats to hold them in place. They have red marks or slots to show where the seat belt should go. The seat belt should go across the child's pelvis, chest and shoulder:
- Tighten the seat belt as much as possible.
- The lap belt should go over the pelvis, not the stomach.
- The diagonal strap should rest over the shoulder, not the neck.
High-backed booster seats also have side wings that help to protect the child's head in an impact. Booster seats are safest on the rear seats, especially if there is a passenger airbag in the front. Only move your child onto using the seat belt alone when they both too tall and too heavy for the booster seat.
For more information read the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents’ guide to high-backed booster child car seats.
Booster cushions
Booster cushions—backless seats that raise a child to help fit a seat belt—are no longer recommended. New regulations for backless booster seats took effect on 9th February 2017. There will be no new models of backless booster seats for children under 125cm and less than 22kg.
This change does not affect existing models of booster cushions classed as a group 2/3 seat. Parents are not required to buy new booster seats to meet the rule change.
For more information read the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents’ guide to booster cushions.
Isofix
In the past, child car seats were secured using the car’s seat belts. The new Isofix system allows child car seats to be anchored to the car’s frame. Car and child car seat manufacturers now build their products with Isofix features. These are fitting points that allow you to 'plug' the car seat into the car. A top tether and support leg prevents the seat from tilting or rotating on impact.
Look for the Isofix labels on your car between the base and the back of the seats, or check your vehicle's handbook. For more information read the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents’ guide to Isofix seats.
Child car seat checklist
Use this checklist to help you buy your child car seat.
|
My child |
Suitable car seat |
|
From birth to 6-9 months Up to 10 kg | 22 lbs. |
Group 0 Rearward-facing |
|
From birth to 12-15 months Up to 13 kg | 29 lbs. |
Group 0+ Rearward-facing |
|
Up to at least 15 months old Check the baby's height is within the range of the i-Size seat |
i-Size Rearward-facing |
|
0—4 years Up to 18 kg | 40 lbs. |
Group 0+ & 1 Rearward & forward-facing Combination |
|
0-6 years Up to 25 kg | 55 lbs. |
Groups 0+, 1 & 2 Rearward & forward facing Combination |
|
9 months to 4 years 9—18 kg | 20—40 lbs. |
Group 1 Forward-facing |
|
9 months to 12 years 9—36 kg | 20—79 lbs |
Group 1, 2 & 3 Forward-facing Combination |
|
4—6 years 15—25 kg | 33—55 lbs. |
Group 2 Forward-facing booster |
|
4—11 years 15—36 kg | 33—79 lbs. |
Groups 2 & 3 Forward-facing booster |
|
6—11 years 22—36 kg | 48—79 lbs. |
Group 3 Booster cushion |
For a comprehensive guide, visit http://www.childcarseats.org.uk/choosing-using/buying-child-car-seats-checklist/.
i https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/child-car-seats-restraints-and-seatbelts
iihttp://www.which.co.uk/news/2017/04/new-parents-unaware-of-i-Size-child-car-seats-law-change/